Electronic Circuit Collection

The MOSFET: Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor

2012-01-08T22:05:00.000-08:00

Sometimes, even that small amount of current is too much, so a new FET design came into being. The Insulated Gate FET (IGFET) is another type of field effect transistor. This time, the P material is completely dumped and replaced by a metal contact. The metal does not come in direct contact with the N material, instead it is insulated by a thin layer of Silicon Dioxide (In other words,

PIC Based Auto Dimmer circuit schematic with explanation

2011-12-26T08:38:00.000-08:00

The operation of the dimmer is based on phase control; during a full cycle of an AC waveform, a thyristor will only allow a part of the waveform to be delivered to the load. Take a look at the following waveforms: The only difference is that the waveform on the left will bright the lamp higher than the waveform on the right. That is because, on the left waveform, the triac

Serial Communication With PIC18F452 circuit schematic with explanation

2011-12-25T08:41:00.000-08:00

Serial Communication With PIC18F452 In this tutorial I will explain how to practically do a simple communication over RS232 interface. In this tutorial i ll send and receive the data using serial port, in two devices. Also you can control your home appliances using PC serial port with the help of PIC. RS232 is serial interface that means that data is transferred BIT by BIT at a

Telephone Line Powered LED Lamp circuit schematics with explanation

2011-12-24T08:37:00.000-08:00

Telephone Line Powered LED Lamp This small and bright LED lamp is telephone line powered, means it uses the power of our telephone line. There are about -40v to -50v at telephone line, LM317T is used to adjust them according to our demand. 12 white LEDs of 5mm dia is used in this lamp, are all in series to compensate the voltage. Out of four wires of telephone only red and green is of

PICkit 2 Clone circuit schematic with explantion

2011-12-23T08:34:00.000-08:00

PICkit 2 Clone There are many PIC programmer available, commercial and DIY devices. As Microchip introduces the new microprocessors the programming software got to be updated accordingly playing catch-up with the PIC manufacturer. That is the root of the problem with third-party PIC programmers. Microchip's PICkit 2 is the low cost ICSP programmer for Flash PICs with USB interface

Low Cost Capacitive Touch Switch II circuit schematic with explanation

2011-12-22T08:32:00.000-08:00

Low Cost Capacitive Touch Switch II In my previous post of capacitive touch switch, it gives the o/p as long as you touch it. Means it was only drive the load when you touch it, and when you remove your hand/finger then it was not able to drive the load. Tough that touch switch circuit can be used in various apps but does not meet my requirements. So by changing the circuit a little

Mobile Phone Battery Charger circuit schematic with explanation

2011-12-21T08:31:00.000-08:00

This battery charger circuit is for Sony Ericsson standard batteries, Li-Polymer type, with a nominal voltage of 3.6V and a capacity of 900mAh. But you can also charge Nokia batteries as well. Charging lithium cells is fairly straightforward. You generate a well regulated voltage and ensure the charging current is sufficiently low so as not to cause overheating problems. Also, when

Video Amplifier with Sync Stripper and DC Restore (EL8102)

2011-12-20T08:15:00.000-08:00

IntroductionThe circuit in Figure 1 transmits 200MHz (-3dB bandwidth) video signals while stripping off the sync pulse and performing DC restoration. It is configured for a typical video cable driver application driving a double-terminated 75Ω load, where the EL8102 (IC3) is configured for a gain of +2 to ensure unity gain throughout.Sync StrippingIn component video systems it is frequently

Telephone Line Powered LED Lamp circuit schematics with explanation

2011-12-19T08:37:00.000-08:00

2-25V 5A Power Supply LM338 circuit schematic with explanation

2011-12-19T08:11:00.000-08:00

2-25V 5A Power Supply LM338 This power supply circuit uses a LM338 adjustable 3 terminal regulator to supply a current of up to 5A over a variable output voltage of 2V to 25V DC. It will come in handy to power up many electronic circuits when you are assembling or building any electronic devices. The schematic and parts list are designed for a power supply input of 240VAC. Change the

DA1553CQ - Car Audio Amplifier 2 x 22 Watt Schematic Circuit With explanation

2011-12-18T22:20:00.000-08:00

This is a 22 Watt car stereo audio amplifier. The circuit is based by a single IC TDA1553 with some external components, this IC will handle your stereo car audio system. The IC TDA1553CQ contains 2×22 W amplifiers with differential input stages and can be used for bridge applications.. The gain of each amplifier is fixed at 26 dB. The device is primarily developed for car radio

Rangkaian Audio Amplifier TDA7295 - 80W Circuit Schematic With explanation

2011-12-17T22:19:00.000-08:00

Rangkaian Audio Amplifier TDA7295 - 80W The following a circuit of 80W audio amplifier is using by IC TDA7295. The circuit very simple and will be easy to build. TDA7295 has many features to support your audio system, the most important is that the IC has wide voltage range, very low distortion and very low noise feature.Rangkaian Audio Amplifier TDA7295 - 80WTDA7295 IC PinningNote:

TDA2052 HiFi Power Amplifier 60W Circuit Schematic With explanation

2011-12-16T22:17:00.000-08:00

This is a circuit of 60 watt HiFi audio amplifier system using IC TDA2052 . The circuit is class AB amplifier which operates split power supply type with a maximum voltage of 25V and generates 60 Watt power output. Heatsink should be installed on the power IC to avoid excessive heat.Rangkaian 60W HiFi Power Amplifier TDA2052TDA2052 IC PinningThe TDA2052 is a monolithic integrated circuit

TDA7383 - Car Quad Audio Amplifier 35W Circuit Schematic With explanation

2011-12-15T22:16:00.000-08:00

The following a 4 x 35 watts channels/quad audio power amplifier circuit based IC TDA7383. The amplifier circuit is designed specifically suitable for car audio system applications. With a fairly large output power per channel, low distortion and low output noise features. Heatsink should be installed on the power IC to avoid excessive heat. There are very simple and easy to build cos

220V AC Ultra Bright LEDs lamp Circuit Schematic with explanation

2011-12-14T22:07:00.000-08:00

220V AC Ultra Bright LEDs lamp Circuit This ultra-bright white LED lamp works on 230V AC circuit with minimal power consumption. Ultra-bright LEDs available in the market cost Rs 8 to 15. These LEDs emit a 1000-6000mCd bright white light, like the welding arc and work on 3 volts, 10 mA. Their maximum voltage is 3.6 volts and the current is 25 mA. Anti-static precautions taken Pls

4 x 25 W Car Amplifier TDA7381 Schematic Circuit with explanation

2011-12-13T22:18:00.000-08:00

4 x 25 W Car Amplifier TDA7381 Circuit This is a 4 x25 Watt audio amplifier circuit using IC TDA7381. The amplifier circuit require few external components and is very easy to build. This amplifier is designed for car audio system, but you may use the circuit for another application such as mp3 player, computer etc Rangkaian 4 x 25 W Car audio AmplifierUsing TDA7381TDA7381 IC

Sound Operated Switch Circuit Schematic with explanation

2011-12-13T22:02:00.000-08:00

Amplifier: TL081 Comparator: TL081 or CA3140 R can be almost any value greater than about 10k. Use a small (low impedance) loudspeaker as a microphone This circuit must have a 5v regulated supply. This is provided by the 7805 regulator. The circuit shown above should be sensitive enough to respond to a reasonably loud clap of the hands at a distance of about a metre from the microphone. If the

AVR wireless dimmer Project circuit schematic with explanation

2011-12-12T22:21:00.000-08:00

AVR wireless dimmer ProjectAt first we have to modify the layout of the old Avr dimmer. I don't think the RS232 interface will be used much when we have the wireless option available, so all the parts for the RS232 will have to go, the other thing that we don't really need anymore is the crystal with the 2 capacitors, because the ATtiny2313 has a build in RC clock of 4 and 8 Mhz which is

IR Light Dimmer v.1 circuit schematic with explanation

2011-12-11T22:20:00.000-08:00

IR Light Dimmer v.1This is a device for adjusting lights in your home with any type of remote controller (tv, dvd, video,…). Today we are using many devices in our homes to improve quality of our life and this is another example on how you can enhance a simple procedure like switching the lights ON/OFF. It may be difficult to many of us to stand up from our chair only to switch lights, so

Projects/IR light dimmer v1

2011-12-10T22:19:00.000-08:00

Projects/IR light dimmer v1This is a very simple IR light dimmer that you will wish to have sooner or later, especially those who are lazy enough to get up and turn off the lights. There are two versions of PCB for two sizes of capacitors, so PCBs are: 32.5 x 26.5mm and 28.5 x 27mm.Features of current beta version of firmware:- Soft start (gradually turning on the light bulb)- Soft down (

High-Speed Leakage Circuit Breaker Circuit

2011-12-09T22:19:00.000-08:00

High-Speed Leakage Circuit Breaker Circuit The value of R1, R2, C4, and C5 should be chosen in order to keep at least 12V in Vs.Please connect C4 (>1μF) and C2 (<1μF).ZCT and load resistance RL of ZCT are connected between input pin 1 and 2.Protective resistance (RP=100Ω) must be insurted.RL and amplifier’s output (in Pin 4) regulates sensitivity

CAN BUS Interface With Microcontroller by SPI Circuit

2011-12-08T22:18:00.000-08:00

CAN BUS Interface With Microcontroller by SPI Circuit SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATIONMCP2515DescriptionMicrochip Technology’s MCP2515 is a stand-aloneController Area Network (CAN) controller that implementsthe CAN specification, version 2.0B. It is capableof transmitting and receiving both standard andextended data and remote frames. The MCP2515 hastwo acceptance

ADC AND I/O CAN BUS Circuit schematic with explanation

2011-12-07T22:16:00.000-08:00

ADC AND I/O CAN BUS Circuit MCP2502X/5XDescriptionThe MCP2502X/5X devices operate as I/O expandersfor a Controller Area Network (CAN) system,supporting CAN V2.0B active, with bus rates up to1 Mb/s. The MCP2502X/5X allows a simple CAN nodeto be implemented without the need for amicrocontroller.The MCP2502X/5X devices feature a number ofperipherals, including

MAGNETIC LEVITATION Project & CRITICAL TEMPERATURE KIT

2011-12-06T22:15:00.000-08:00

MAGNETIC LEVITATION Project & CRITICAL TEMPERATURE KITELECTRONICS CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMSThe following figure is a schematic diagram for the Electronics Board.Operation of the Electronics Board circuitry may be of interest to some students who use the Levitation/Critical Temperature kit. Individual circuit functions may be understood and analyzed from the following explanations. Operational

Perpetual top Levitation Toy

2011-12-05T22:13:00.000-08:00

Perpetual top Levitation ToyThe point of the perpetual top levitation toy is simply that it continues spinning forever, and the challenge is to understand the driving mechanism. The top is made of plastic, and contains embedded in it a small permanent magnet, oriented perpendicular to the spin axis of the top. The base contains a transistor and a coil with two windings, the assembly being

MAGNETIC LEVITATION Project & CRITICAL TEMPERATURE KIT

2011-12-04T22:23:00.000-08:00

Magnetic Levitation Circuit schematic with explanation

2011-12-04T22:14:00.000-08:00

Magnetic Levitation CircuitThis is a simple magnetic levitator circuit which suspends objects a set distance below an electromagnet. The physics behind it is to simply provide a magnetic force which equal and opposite to the gravitational force on the object. The two forces cancel and the object remains suspended. Practically this is done by a circuit which reduces electromagnet force when

Basic Levitation and Magnetic Levitation Circuit Project

2011-12-04T22:12:00.000-08:00

Basic Levitation and Magnetic Levitation Circuit Project Understanding Basic LevitationIn basic levitation (Fig 1) an object appears to float due to the invisible forces of magnets. A magnet creates a field that forms two opposing poles: North and South (Fig 2). Opposite poles attract each other while similar poles repel. For magnetic levitation, there

an op amp and ic based Full wave rectifier

2011-10-13T21:26:00.000-07:00

This circuit acts rectifier the ACV signal.This circuit usually requires two op-amp, but this circuit uses only one op-amp.The work is easy when a positive input into, The D1, D2 will does not work. The output is equal to R2 / (R2 + R3).When V1 is the input signal and R2 = R3 = R, we will have the output signal V0 = 1 / 2 V1.Later, when the negative output signal into. The D2 to conduct, but D1

two LT1398’s from Linear Technology used to create buffered color-difference signals from RGB (red-green-blue) inputs

2011-10-13T21:22:00.000-07:00

The circuit diagram shows two LT1398’s from Linear Technology used to create buffered color-difference signals from RGB (red-green-blue) inputs. In this application, the R input arrives via 75? coax. It is routed to the non-inverting input of amplifier IC1a and to 1.07-k? resistor, R8. There is also an 80.6-? termination resistor R11, which yields a 75-? input impedance at the R input when

16- Bit A/D converter with LCD and PIC18F2550

2011-10-13T21:18:00.000-07:00

The analog to digital converter (ADC) is a commonly required in most of the projects. Analog voltage measurement can be done using the ADC hardware built in together in a PIC. The picture below show a simple setup for measuring the voltage through the adjustment of the potentiometer. PIC used in this example come with a 10 bit ADC. In the picture the hex value shown is the ADC value acquired

Measure temperature safely with the Laser Temp-Gun HVAC Kit

2011-10-13T21:14:00.001-07:00

Measure temperature safely and accurately with the Milwaukee 2277-21 12V Laser Temp-Gun Thermometer Kit with Humidity and Dew Point. Ideal for electricians, HVAC/R technicians, general contractors, construction workers, and plumbing professionals, this kit contains the easy-to-use 2277-20 thermometer, a Milwaukee Test & Measure tool that identifies hot spots, prevents damage to electrical

Measure temperature safely with the Laser Temp-Gun

2011-10-13T21:14:00.000-07:00

IC 741 based Bar graph light meter

2011-10-13T21:11:00.000-07:00

If you want simple meter the intensity of the light in a simple way. This circuit is very interesting, because with a LED display with 5 levels.The main equipment is uA741 the most popular op-amp circuit, to used the photo transistor is a device for receiver a lighting to change is electricity very low. We use IC1 acts boost up current, or to compare the voltage levels.The VR1 adjusts the

Using IC 741 for Audible light sensor

2011-10-13T21:04:00.000-07:00

This is audible light sensor circuit that is based the IC741 op-amp IC. This circuit light sensor one,these are use two LDRs for detector lower lightly.The 741 is pulse oscillator generator output to small speaker. The VR1 have value 50k acts as to fine sensitivity of light sensor. The speaker use small size only because output has low current.S:eleccircuit.com

CMOS IC 4011 based easy dry cell charger

2011-10-10T10:11:00.000-07:00

The dry cell charger circuit can be fully charged about 12 hours.When used with a 9 volt supply,the equipments in the circuit for the AA type cell.When using the C and D type cell, should reduce the value of the resistance Rx to be 68 ohms.In charge of the cell, you should not be charged to the same series, may cause cell damage is fully charged.If the cell voltage is below 1.6 volt,The

Solar charging kit 60 watt

2011-10-10T10:08:00.000-07:00

I’m do looking to backup energy for my laptop, The 60 Watt Solar Charging Kit is need for me very much, it low cost but Good quality,saving money very much.Example reviewI can run my laptop all day, as well as recharge the cell phones and Wifi remotes. My husband can also run his laptop. If we only get on the laptops after work, we can run them well into the night. I’ve had to switch to grid

Single transistor based automatic battery charger circuit

2011-10-10T10:01:00.000-07:00

The following automatic battery-charger design is created with a circuit that could qualify as the simplest window comparator ever built around a single transistor. It starts charging when the battery voltage drops beyond a preset value, and it stops when an upper preset voltage is attained. With the help of a precise variable voltage supply, the upper and lower voltage levels were set. The

12V SE Digital Battery Tester

2011-10-10T09:57:00.000-07:00

Easy-to-use, compact and accurate – pays for itself by reducing harmful battery waste*Works with virtually all replaceable battery types; alkaline, lithium, button, 1.5V – 12V*Fits battery sizes AAA – D, 12V, 9V, camera, watch & hearing aid batteries; 2.5 – 120mA*Easy-to-read meter shows battery strength instantly – no more guessing*Thumb-slide caliper adjusts for battery size; tester

Resistance Tester(Internal) For Batteries

2011-10-10T09:09:00.000-07:00

This circuit is designed to check the condition of lead-acid and gel cell batteries with capacities greater than 20Ah. It switches a load of about 18A at a rate close to 50Hz so that the internal resistance of the battery can be measured using a digital multimeter across the battery terminals. The measured AC voltage in millivolts divided by 10 (ie, a shift of the decimal point) is

Using FET 2n3819 simple audio mixer circuit

2011-10-02T03:27:00.000-07:00

This circuit, a simple mixer circuit.It can mix two signal channels and one channel is output.Using a codec circuit,Convert stereo audio to mono audio time.It can increase the number of channels too. By adding a VR1, R1 and C1 to the amount needed. Then connected to Buffett a new one.Most importantly is eating circuit current is very low.Can use with 9-volt batteries immediately.When

FET 2N3819 with 10 minute time delay

2011-10-02T03:22:00.000-07:00

This circuit is a basic function of the FET 2N3819, which acts as a switch. In the conduction and not conduction. It runs contrary to the transistor. The circuit can be used to delay the cycle is small. Such as delay, 9-volt light bulb, or motor delay to any DC 9 volts.When raising the power supply circuit FET Q1 is running. D and S stand by the legs of furniture to the Tong Q1 will flow

BF256 FET Current source

2011-10-02T03:18:00.000-07:00

This is a constant current source using a FET. This is the most simple replacement to series resistor to limit current. The N-Channel FET BF256C can give 15mA current.S:schematics.blogspot.com

LED Driver using constant current source

2011-10-02T03:14:00.000-07:00

This is a Constant Current Source LED Driver, When the LED driver Upper-NPN is driven by a voltage thru 4.7K the LED lights up. Assume that the Lower-NPN at bottom is absent. The current via LED and NPN is limited by R. 20mA may be ok 15mA even better. Or LED blows even transistor goes. S:schematics.blogspot.com

White LED dimmer (Linear constant current)

2011-10-02T02:47:00.000-07:00

This simple Linear circuit provides continuously variable regulated current (~25-400mA) from a 4-6 Volt source. I chose a linear design for simplicity, reliability, ease of repair, and to avoid switching EMI in my Cave Radios. The circuit requires only 0.2V headroom above the parallel LED Array voltage to provide regulation at maximum current. The headroom stays low until the LED’s are

NE555 , 2N3055 Inverter 12V to 220V 300W

2011-09-27T09:07:00.001-07:00

Inverter 12V to 220V 300W by NE555,2N3055This be inverter circuit the size about 300W .It performs to transform from battery 12V be house electric 220V 50Hzby have signal picture is Square wave. And it has the distinction that uses the equipment seek easy, such as integratedcircuit NE555 and 2N3055 transistors. request to have fun circuit this idea

IC 4047 + 2N3055 based PCB Inverter 100W

2011-09-27T09:06:00.000-07:00

This circuit power Inverter 100W, so input voltage 12V (battery 12V)to output volt 220V ac 50HZ, it is asy circuit because less component to use.It use IC 4047 Squarewave Oscillator 50HZ andPower Transistor 2N3055 x 2 For driver transformer 220V ac to OUTPUT Power 100W min.Circuit Inverter 100W by IC 4047 + 2N3055PCB Inverter 100W by IC 4047 + 2N3055Source: 97 Electron Circuit

IC 741 based Frost Alarm or Cold Activated Switch circuit with explanation

2011-09-27T09:03:00.003-07:00

Circuit : Andy CollinsonEmail: anc@mitedu.freeserve.co.ukDescription:A simple thermistor triggered cold switch with adjustable threshold.Notes:The thermistor used has a resistance of 15k at 25 degrees and 45k at 0 degrees Celsius. A suitable bead type thermistor can be found in the Maplin catalogue. The 100k pot allows this circuit to trigger over a wide range of temperatures.If using a

Dfferential Temperature Relay Switch by IC 741 Circuit Dfferential Temperature Relay Switch by IC 741

2011-09-27T09:03:00.001-07:00

Circuit Dfferential Temperature Relay Switch by IC 741

2N3055 and 741 power supply 20A 13.8V

2011-09-27T09:02:00.001-07:00

#fullpost { display: none; } This be high current power supply circuit , Which there is the size voltage 13.8V at 20A.By it uses base equipment that seeks to buy easy, be integrated number circuit LM741 perform maintain one’s position voltage be stable or Regulated at 13.8V. Which can fine can decorate a little again. Besides still have the power transistors 2N3055 X4

741 op amp bassed Alarm project electronic circuit with explanation

2011-09-27T08:59:00.000-07:00

#fullpost { display: none; } A very simple alarm project electronic circuit can be designed using a common 741 operational amplifier IC and some other common electronic parts . As you can see in the schematic circuit , this alarm project is activated by some normal open contacts , connected in parallel . If one of those contact is closed the alarm will sound .This alarm project is

How A Magnetic Linear Accelerator used in toy?

2011-09-20T05:38:00.000-07:00

A Magnetic Linear Accelerator This very simple toy uses a magnetic chain reaction to launch a steel marble at a target at high speed. The toy is very simple to build, going together in minutes, and is very simple to understand and explain, and yet fascinating to watch and to use.The photo above shows six frames of video showing the gauss rifle in action. Each frame shows 1/30th of a second

a magnetic heat engine

2011-09-19T15:15:00.000-07:00

I originally built this toy using a Canadian nickel coin. Canadian nickels are made of pure nickel, unlike U.S. nickels, which contain so much copper that they are not magnetic. You can build the toy with the nickel or with the Radio Shack rare-earth magnet. The rare earth magnet will work a little better because it loses its magnetic properties at a lower temperature, and thus the toy can use a

Introduction to Magnets and Magnetism

2011-09-19T15:11:00.000-07:00

Magnets and Magnetism We have all played with magnets. A pair of magnets by itself makes a wonderful toy. Today's magnets are even better than the best ones I remember playing with as a child. At toy stores and Radio Shack you can get flexible magnetic strips of plastic that can be cut into shapes with scissors. You can also get cheap and brittle ceramic magnets, stronger Alnico magnets, and

Transmitter construction

2011-09-19T15:03:00.000-07:00

The oscillator is the heart of the transmitter. It has four leads, but we only use three of them. When the power is connected to two of the leads, the voltage on third lead starts jumping between 0 volts and 5 volts, one million times each second. The oscillator is built into a metal can. The corners of the can are rounded, except for the lower left corner, which is sharp. This indicates

Parts and schematic for an AM radio transmitter

2011-09-19T14:45:00.000-07:00

Small components needed to build an AM radio transmitter :- 555 timer chip- NPN transistor- two #103 capacitors (0.01 microfarads or 10,000 picofarads)- #102 capacitor (0.001 microfarads or 1,000 picofarads)- some short wires- two 1 Kilohm resistors- 10 Kilohm resistor- 1/8 inch (3.5 millimeter) female audio jack (yours may have more or less than three wires, but it must have at least two)- 5

a very simple AM voice transmitter construction

2011-09-19T14:35:00.000-07:00

If a crystal radio is the distilled essence of a radio, this transmitter is the matching distilled essence of transmitters. The transmitter goes together in about 10 minutes, and is small enough to fit in the palm of your hand. Depending on the antenna, the transmitter can send voice and music across the room, or across the street. I put together my first version with simple clip leads (

“two polarities” Bipolar transistors

2011-09-18T06:34:00.000-07:00

Bipolar transistors simultaneously use holes and electrons to conduct, hence their name (from “two polarities”). Like FETs, bipolar transistors contain p- and n-type materials configured in input, middle, and output regions. In bipolar transistors, however, these regions are referred to as the emitter, the base, and the collector. Instead of relying, as FETs do, on a secondary voltage

Semiconductor design basics and doping silicon

2011-09-18T06:26:00.000-07:00

Any material can be classified as one of three types: conductor, insulator, or semiconductor. A conductor (such as copper or salt water) can easily conduct electricity because it has an abundance of free electrons. An insulator (such as ceramic or dry air) conducts electricity very poorly because it has few or no free electrons. A semiconductor (such as silicon or gallium arsenide) is

explanation about designing ICs

2011-09-15T10:16:00.000-07:00

Designing ICs:All ICs use the same basic principles of voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R). In particular, equations based on Ohm’s law, V = IR, determine many circuit design choices. Design engineers must also be familiar with the properties of various electronic components needed for different applications. Analog designAs mentioned earlier, an analog circuit takes an

p-type or an n-type semiconductors or P-n junction

2011-09-15T10:09:00.000-07:00

A p-type or an n-type semiconductor is not very useful on its own. However, joining these opposite materials creates what is called a p-n junction (see figure above). A p-n junction forms a barrier to conduction between the materials. Although the electrons in the n-type material are attracted to the holes in the p-type material, the electrons are not normally energetic enough to overcome the

most complicated ICs Microprocessors

2011-09-15T10:05:00.000-07:00

Microprocessors are the most complicated ICs. They are composed of millions of transistors that have been configured as thousands of individual digital circuits, each of which performs some specific logic function. A microprocessor is built entirely of these logic circuits synchronized to each other.Just like a marching band, the circuits perform their logic function only on direction by

IC(integrated circuit) with basic types

2011-09-15T09:58:00.000-07:00

integrated circuit (IC), also called microelectronic circuit or chip, an assembly of electronic components, fabricated as a single unit, in which miniaturized active devices (e.g., transistors and diodes) and passive devices (e.g., capacitors and resistors) and their interconnections are built up on a thin substrate of semiconductor material (typically silicon). The resulting circuit is thus a

Introduction to switch

2011-09-15T08:40:00.000-07:00

SWITCH (1) In networks, a device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments. Switches operate at the data link layer (layer 2) and sometimes the network layer (layer 3) of the OSI Reference Model and therefore support any packet protocol. LANs that use switches to join segments are called switched LANs or, in the case of Ethernet networks, switched Ethernet LANs. (2)

comparison between circuit switching and packet switching

2011-09-11T01:56:00.000-07:00

The old telephone system (PSTN) uses circuit switching to transmit voice data whereas VoIP uses packet-switching to do so. The difference in the way these two types of switching work is the thing that made VoIP so different and successful. To understand switching, you need to realize that the network in place between two communicating persons is a complex field of devices and machines,

Intersting DIP Switch

2011-09-10T08:38:00.000-07:00

A series of tiny switches built into circuit boards. The housing for the switches, which has the same shape as a chip, is the DIP. DIP switches enable you to configure a circuit board for a particular type of computer or application. The installation instructions should tell you how to set the switches. DIP switches are always toggle switches, which means they have two possible positions -- on

Introduction to circuit switching

2011-09-10T08:31:00.000-07:00

A type of communications in which a dedicated channel (or circuit) is established for the duration of a transmission. The most ubiquitous circuit-switching network is the telephone system, which links together wire segments to create a single unbroken line for each telephone call. The other common communications method is packet switching, which divides messages into packets

Types of sequential circuits

2011-09-10T08:03:00.000-07:00

INTRODUCTION: Digital electronics is classified into combinational logic and sequential logic. Combinational logic output depends on the inputs levels, whereas sequential logic output depends on stored levels and also the input levels. The memory elements are devices capable of storing binary info. The binary info stored in the memory elements at any given time defines the state of the

introduction with block diagram for function generator

2011-08-28T02:47:00.000-07:00

A function generator is a signal source that has the capability of producing different types of waveforms as its output signal. The most common output waveforms are sine-waves, triangular waves, square waves, and sawtooth waves. The frequencies of such waveforms may be adjusted from a fraction of a hertz to several hundred kHz. Actually the function generators are very versatile instruments as

programmable unijunction transistor (PUT) controlled sawtooth generator circuit

2011-08-28T02:39:00.000-07:00

A PUT controlled sawtooth generator circuit is shown in figure. When power is first applied, the programmable unijunction transistor (PUT) is off. The capacitor C begins to charge up and the output voltage rises. This continues until the output voltage (which is also the PUT anode voltage) is about 0.7 V above the control input (the gate voltage). The PUT gets switched on. The capacitor C

How to make a Schmitt trigger or a Regenerative Comparator using 741 IC ?

2011-08-28T02:36:00.000-07:00

A Schmitt trigger circuit is a fast-operating voltage-level detector. When the input voltage arrives at the upper or lower trigger levels, the output changes rapidly. The circuit operates with almost any type of input waveform, and it gives a pulse-type output. The circuit of an op-amp Schmitt trigger circuit is shown in figure. The input voltage vin is applied to the inverting input

example of a relaxation oscillator(The op-amp triangular-wave generator)

2011-08-28T02:32:00.000-07:00

The op-amp triangular-wave generator is another example of a relaxation oscillator. We know that the integrator output waveform will be triangular if the input to it is a square-wave. It means that a triangular-wave generator can be formed by simply cascading an integrator and a square-wave generator, as illustrated in figure. This circuit needs a dual op-amp, two capacitors, and at least

How to make a Sawtooth Wave Generator using Op-Amp 741 IC?

2011-08-28T02:25:00.000-07:00

Sometimes it is felt necessary to provide a relatively slow linear ramp with a rapid fall (or rise in the case of a negative ramp) at its end. This is a sawtooth wave. Also, in applications such as time base generators and power control circuits, the sawtooth must be triggered by (or be synchronized with) some control signal. The difference between the triangular and sawtooth waveforms is

Dual Output 20-V, 3-A Switching Regulator Features High and Flat Conversion Efficiency

2011-08-25T17:25:00.001-07:00

Analog Devices introduced the ADP2323, a 20-V, 3-A dual output DC-to-DC regulator featuring a high conversion efficiency of greater than 93 percent. The full featured ADP2323 regulator offers an input voltage supply range of 4.5 V to 20 V and an output range as low as 0.6 V up to 18 V at 1.5 percent voltage accuracy. With more design flexibility and configurability than other DC-to-DC

ZMDI introduces 98% energy efficient LED driver IC for Retrofit LED lamps and low manufacturing cost

2011-08-25T17:24:00.001-07:00

ZMD AG has announced availability of the ZLED7320, a new member of its high current ZLED7x20 family of 40V LED-Driver-ICs. The ZLED7320, which operates at up to 98% efficiency and is available in a small-footprint DFN-5 package, is designed to help manufacturer’s cost-effectively address the growing high-brightness (HB) LED lighting market. “The ZLED7320 bridges the gap between our existing

High current, energy efficient MOSFETs in the SOT-23F package

2011-08-25T17:22:00.002-07:00

Central Semiconductor's CMPDM203NH (N-Channel) and CMPDM202PH (P-Channel) are Enhancement mode MOSFETs in industry standard SOT-23F packages that optimize high current capability and energy efficiency. The combination of high current, low gate charge and low on-resistance makes these devices the ideal selection for energy sensitive applications requiring higher drain currents. Features Low

TI - Industry's smallest, fully integrated 16-bit ADC

2011-08-25T17:22:00.001-07:00

Texas Instruments has introduced the industry's smallest, 16-bit delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with integrated programmable gain amplifier (PGA), reference, temperature sensor and 4-input multiplexer. Measuring 2 mm x 1.5 mm, the ADS1118 is more than 65-percent smaller than any other 16-bit ADC available today. The ADS1118 provides direct, linearized measurements with

SiC JFETs from SemiSouth target high-end audio

2011-08-25T17:21:00.001-07:00

SemiSouth Laboratories, Inc., the leading manufacturer of silicon carbide (SiC) transistor technology for high-power, high-efficiency, harsh-environment power management and conversion applications, has launched a new family of low cost SiC JFETs with very good linearity targeted at high-end audio applications. SJEP120R100A and SJEP120R063A offer a very good linearity and best-in-class

Microchip Unveils Advanced Development Kit for High-Quality Digital Audio Applications

2011-08-23T21:20:00.000-07:00

32-bit Microcontroller-based Dev Kit Provides Complete Solution for the Development of 24-bit Audio and Speech Applications With Record, Playback and Mixing Capabilities Microchip Technology Inc., a leading provider of microcontroller, analog and Flash-IP solutions, today announced a 32-bit microcontroller (MCU)-based development kit for the creation of high-quality, 24-bit audio

ELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY introduces OLEDs in Industrial Applications

2011-08-23T21:19:00.002-07:00

Based on organic materials, OLED displays have become an integral part of mobiles and smartphones, thanks to their superb brightness. Now, Electronic Assembly, a manufacturer of displays, has introduced the technology to industrial applications. With an extremely high contrast ratio of 2000:1, the nine OLED models from ELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY are real eye-catchers. The high contrast ratio is

IAR Systems provides complete starter kit for high performance STM32 F-2 series of microcontrollers

2011-08-23T21:19:00.001-07:00

IAR Systems today announced a complete starter kit for STMicroelectronics’ ARM Cortex-M3 based high performance STM32 F-2 series. The new leading-edge STM32F2xx series combines advanced 90nm process technology with the innovative adaptive real-time memory accelerator (ART accelerator) and the multi-layer bus matrix. IAR KickStart Kit for STM32F207 contains all the necessary hardware and

IAR Systems launches starter kit for NXP's LPC11U00 USB microcontroller series

2011-08-23T21:18:00.000-07:00

IAR Systems announced that an IAR KickStart Kit for the LPC11U00 series of microcontrollers is now available. It is a low cost starter kit for evaluation and for designing and prototyping software applications. The kit includes an LPC11U14 evaluation board fitted with an LPC11U14 microcontroller, a USB connector, an LCD, and various other peripherals, a J-Link Lite debug probe, software

IAR Systems releases complete starter kit for NXP's LPC1780 microcontroller series

2011-08-23T21:15:00.001-07:00

IAR Systems announced a complete starter kit for NXP’s ARM Cortex-M3 based LPC1780 microcontroller family. IAR KickStart Kit for LPC1788 includes a feature-rich evaluation board, software development tools, an IAR J-Link Lite debug probe, and software. A high level of integration between hardware, software and tools in combination with pre-configured example projects and board support

Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) and the different tools and techniques based on nanotechnology

2011-08-19T22:53:00.000-07:00

In this article, the different tools and techniques that are used for producing and imaging a nanoscaled object is explained in detail. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) is also explained in detail. In Nanotechnology, the main scanning probes that have been used from the beginning are the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Scanning Tunneling Microscope (

nanotechnology implications

2011-08-19T22:44:00.000-07:00

In this article, the different implications in nanotechnology is explained in detail. The benefits f nanotechnology in different fields along with the health implications is explained in detail. The fields in which the implication of nanotechnology extends are numerous. Some of the most common fields are computing, engineering, biology, chemical, communications, material science different

carbon-nanotube-composites used for airplanes-to-be-built

2011-08-19T22:40:00.000-07:00

As explained earlier, the nanomaterials are lighter, stronger and long lasting than other materials. This advantage has been exercised in replacing the aluminium body of airplanes with composite materials including nanomaterials. As such a composite material has less weight; the whole body weight of the airplane will almost reduce to half the original weight. This will help in reducing the

basics of Nanoelectronics

2011-08-19T22:37:00.000-07:00

This article explains the basics of Nanoelectronics and its concept. The different approaches are also explained in detail. Nanoelectronics are based on the application of nanotechnology in the field of electronics and electronic components. Although the term Nanoelectronics may generally mean all the electronic components, special attention is given in the case of transistors. These

basic nanocircuitry explanation

2011-08-19T22:33:00.000-07:00

In this article the basic nanocircuitry is explained in detail. The different parameters like transistors, interconnections and architecture are also explained in detail. The implementing methods and production methods are also explained in detail. As the term implies, nanocircuits are basic electrical circuits that are designed and operated in the nanometre scale. Even though, the

Drug Resistant Bacteria killed using new nanomaterial specially developed

2011-08-18T21:40:00.000-07:00

Nanotechnology has once again proved its worth in the medical field. Researchers had recently developed a solution that can be rubbed on the skin to remove all bacteria’s that cannot be killed by the existing antibiotics and drugs. More advanced studies have led to the discovery of a microbial agent that can be directly injected into the body to kill the strong bacteria’s. The basic

DC motor speed control low voltage circuit

2011-08-18T21:36:00.000-07:00

Description. Here is the circuit diagram of a low voltage /low power DC motor speed controller based on the IC TDA 7274 from ST Microelectronics. The IC TDA 7274 is a monolithic integrated DC motor speed controller intended for low voltage/ low power applications. Built in internal voltage reference voltage, wide input voltage range (1.8 t0 6V), high linearity, 700mA output current,

Motor speed controller (PWM)

2011-08-18T21:33:00.000-07:00

Description. This circuit is designed as per a request made by Mr Vinoth from India. His requirement was a 12V/5A DC fan motor controller. I think this circuit is sufficient for this purpose. Quad 2 input Schmitt trigger IC CD4093 is the heart of this circuit. Out of the four Schmitt triggers inside the 4093, U1a is wired as an oscillator with adjustable duty cycle. The U1b, U1c, U1d buffers

MC3479 from Motorola based a stepper motor driver

2011-08-18T21:28:00.000-07:00

The circuit diagram given here is of a stepper motor driver using MC3479 from Motorola. The MC3479 is specifically designed for driving a 2 phase stepper motor in bipolar mode and is available in standard DIP and surface mount packages.The IC is compatible to TTL and CMOS inputs and has selectable HIGH/LOW output impedance. The output can deliver up to 350mA each of two coils of a 2 phase

simple circuit for controlling the speed of DC operated PCB drills

2011-08-18T21:24:00.000-07:00

Description. Here is a simple circuit for controlling the speed of DC operated PCB drills. The heart of this circuit is the ICLM3578 which is a very efficient integrated switching regulator that can be used for applications like this. The LM3578 has separate inverting and non inverting feedback inputs (pin1 and pin2), 1V internal reference voltage source and a built in oscillator circuit.

switch ON automatic cooler fan for audio amplifiers

2011-08-17T15:01:00.000-07:00

Description. The schematic of an automatic cooler fan for audio amplifiers is given here. The circuit automatically switch ON the cooler fan whenever the temperature of the heat sink exceeds a preset level. This circuit will save a lot of energy because the cooler fan will be OFF when the amplifier is running on low volume. At low volume less heat will be dissipated and it will not trigger

using easily available components a simple H bridge motor driver circuit

2011-08-17T14:55:00.000-07:00

Description. The circuit give here is of a simple H bridge motor driver circuit using easily available components. H Bridge is a very effective method for driving motors and it finds a lot of applications in many electronic projects especially in robotics. The circuit shown here is a typical four transistor H Bridge. The diodes D1 to D4 provide a safer path for the back emf from the motor to

IC L298 based bidirectional H bridge DC motor control circuit

2011-08-17T14:50:00.000-07:00

A bidirectional H bridge DC motor control circuit is shown here. The circuit is based on the IC L298 from ST Microelectronics. L298 is a dual full bridge driver that has a wide operating voltage range and can handle load currents up to 3A. The IC also features low saturation voltage and over temperature protection. In the circuit diode D1 to D4 are protection diodes. Capacitor C2 is the

IC TC4424 based DC motor driver

2011-08-17T14:46:00.000-07:00

The circuit shown below is of a DC motor driver circuit based on the IC TC4424 from Microchip. TC 4424 is a dual MOSFET driver that can be used in a variety of applications like SMPS, pulse transformer drivers, line drivers, motor drivers etc. The speed and of direction rotation of the motor depends on the logic levels of pin 2 and 4. The speed of rotation of the motor is proportional to the

simple DC motor controller circuit

2011-08-17T14:38:00.000-07:00

A simple DC motor controller circuit using NE555 is shown here. Many DC motor speed control circuits have been published here but this is the first one using NE555 timer IC. In addition to controlling the motors speed its direction of rotation can be also changed using this circuit. A PWM circuit based on timer NE555 is the heart of this circuit. NE555 is wired as an astable multivibrator

three ICs baesd LED ramping circuit

2011-08-15T02:12:00.000-07:00

Description. In this circuit the intensity of LED will vary in a ramping fashion. The circuit consists of three ICs: Two 555 timer ICs and one LM393 op-amp. IC1 and IC2 are wired as oscillators to produce 10 KHz and 1 Hz frequencies respectively.These two frequencies are given to the inputs of the op-amp LM393.LM393 is wired as a comparator and its output will be a PWM signal. This PWM

Night Light based on photocell

2011-08-15T02:05:00.000-07:00

Description. Many automatic night light circuits had been published here. This one uses a photocell for detecting the light intensity. At full light the resistance of the photocell will be few ten ohms and at darkness it will rise to several hundred ohms. The IC1 uA741 is wired as a comparator here. At darkness the resistance of photocell increases and so the voltage at the inverting input